Welche Beweise im Tanakh, dem alten Testament (AT) gibt es dafür ?
Jesaja 53.9: "Und man gab ihm bei Gottlosen sein Grab und bei Reichen, da er gestorben war, wiewohl er niemand Unrecht getan hat noch Betrug in seinem Munde gewesen ist."
Jesaja 59. 3: "Denn eure Hände sind mit Blut befleckt und eure Finger mit Untugend; eure Lippen reden Falsches, eure Zunge dichtet Unrechtes."
In Jesaja 59. 3 ist das Volk gewalttätig und trügerisch, Jesaja 53.9 sagt das Gegenteil von dem leidenden Diener Messias, daher kann der leidende Diener in Jesaja 53 nicht das Volk sein.
Dann gibt es die Ausrede es gäbe einen "Überrest" des Volkes das gerecht sei, auf den Jesaja59.3 nicht zuträfe und Jesaja53 darum von dem gerechtem Überrest des Volkes handle und nicht von dem Messias. Im nächsten Vers (Jesaja59.4) heißt es aber, dass niemand Gerechtigkeit redet. Jesaja 59. 4: "Niemand ruft Gerechtigkeit aus, und niemand rechtet in Treue; man vertraut auf Nichtigkeit und redet Falschheit; man ist schwanger mit Mühsal und gebiert Unheil." Folglich gibt es diesen angeblichen gerechten "Überrest" wenn niemand im Volk gerecht redet nicht, darum kann Jesaja 53 eben nicht vom ganzen Volk handeln.
Welche anderen Beweise im AT gibt es bezüglich der Eingangsfrage ?
Die früheren Rabbiner sagen dass der leidende Diener in Jesaja 53 der Messias ist, im Folgenden sind einige Zitate der früheren Rabbiner dafür :
"Talmud Sanhedrin (98b): "Messiah ...what is his name? The Rabbis say,' The leprous one'; those of the house of the Rabbi (Jehuda Hanassi, the author of the Mishna, 135-200) say: 'Cholaja' (The sickly), for it says, 'Surely he has borne our sicknesses' etc. (Isa.53,4)."
Tanchuma: "Rabbi Nachman says: ,The Word MAN in the passage, 'Every man a head of the house of his father' (Num.1,4), refers to the Messiah, the son of David, as it is written, 'Behold the man whose name is Zemach'(the Branch) where Jonathan interprets, 'Behold the man Messiah' (Zech.6:12); and so it is said,'A man of pains and known to sickness' (Isa.53:3)."
Maimonides (1135-1204) wrote to Rabbi Jacob Alfajumi: "Likewise said Isaiah that He (Messiah) would appear without acknowledging a father or mother: 'He grew up before him as a tender plant and as a root out of a dry ground' etc. (Isa.53:2)."
Midrash Tanchuma: "He was more exalted than Abraham, more extolled than Mose, higher than the archangels" (Isa.52:13). --- Yalkut Schimeon (ascribed to Rabbi Simeon Kara, 12th Century) says on Zech.4:7: "He (the king Messiah) is greater than the patriarchs, as it is said, 'My servant shall be high, and lifted up, and lofty exceedingly' (Isa. 52:13)."
Gersonides (1288-1344) on Deut. 18:18: "In fact Messiah is such a prophet, as it is stated in the Midrasch on the verse,'Behold, my servant shall prosper...' (Isa. 52:13)."
Midrash (on Ruth 2,14): "He is speaking of the King Messiah - 'Come hither', i.e." Draw near to the throne ; 'eat of the bread', i.e. , The bread of the kingdom.' This refers to the chastisements , as it is said, 'But he was wounded for our transgressions, bruised for our iniquities' (Isa.53,5).
Rabbi Simeon Ben Jochai (2.Century), Zohar,, part II, page 212a and III, page 218a, Amsterdam Ed.): "There is in the garden of Eden a palace called : 'The palace of the sons of sickness, , this palace the Messiah enters, and summons every sickness, every pain, and every chastisement of Israel: they all come and rest upon Him. And were it not that He had thus lightened them off Israel, and taken them upon Himself, there had been no man able to bear Israels chastisement for the transgression of the law; this is that which is written, 'Surely our sicknesses he has carried' Isa.53,4).- As they tell Him (the Messiah) of the misery of Israel in their captivity, and of those wicked ones among them who are not attentive to know their Lord, He lifts up His voice and weeps for their wickedness; and so it is written,'He was wounded for our transgressions' (Isa.53,5).
Pesiqta Rabbati (ca.845)on Isa. 61,10: "The world-fathers (patriarchs) will one day in the month of Nisan arise and say to (the Messiah): 'Ephraim, our righteous Anointed, although we are your grandparents, yet you are greater than we, for you have borne the sins of our children, as it says: 'But surely he has borne our sicknesses and carried our pains; yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God and afflicted. But he was pierced because of our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was laid upon him and through his wounds we are healed'(Isa.53,4-5)."
